Railroads in Peru: How Important Were They?

Dads: how important are they?

Even with today’s technology, it still takes both a male and a female to make a baby. But is it important for both parents to raise that child? Many studies have outlined the value of a mother, but few have clearly defined the importance of a father, until now. New findings from the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC) show that the absence of a father during crit...

Freely relaxing polymers remember how they were straightened.

The relaxation of initially straight semiflexible polymers has been discussed mainly with respect to the longest relaxation time. The biologically relevant nonequilibrium dynamics on shorter times is comparatively poorly understood, partly because "initially straight" can be realized in manifold ways. Combining Brownian dynamics simulations and systematic theory, we demonstrate how different ex...

Cytokines: how important are they in mediating sickness?

Sickness refers to a set of coordinated physiological and behavioral changes in response to systemic inflammation. It is characterized by fever, malaise, social withdrawal, fatigue, and anorexia. While these responses collectively represent a protective mechanism against infection and injury, increasing lines of evidence indicate that over-exaggerated or persistent sickness can damage the brain...

Adaptive Wavelet Filters in Image Coders - How Important Are They?

Wavelet-based image coding algorithms lossy or lossless, use a fixed perfect reconstruction (PR) filterbank built into the algorithm for coding and decoding all kinds of images. This generic approach of filter selection and usage may not always give the best compression from the viewpoint of a specific application. However, no systematic study has been done to see if using different wavelet fil...

IBM Branch Offices: What They Were, How They Worked, 1920s-1980s